01 適用邊界與管轄範圍 (Scope & Territorial Scope)
🇬🇧 Switch to English Section 🇭🇰 切換至中文區塊
法定核心依據 / Legal Basis: Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 Article 2 (Scope), Article 3(1) (AI Definition) & Recitals 12, 21–24
🇭🇰 適用邊界深度解析 (中文版)
1.1 地理與域外效力 (Geographic & Extraterritorial Reach)
- 核心條文：Article 2(1)(c)
- 實質影響原則：企業即使在歐盟無分公司、無伺服器、無僱員，只要系統產生的輸出結果（Output）在歐盟境內被使用，即完全受管轄。
1.2 實質技術定義邊界 (Material Scope: 什麼算 AI？)
- 核心條文：Article 3(1)
- AI 系統法定定義：具備自主性（Autonomy）、適應性，能根據輸入推導出如何生成輸出（內容、預測、推薦或決策）的機器系統。
- 排除對象：純基於明確規則的傳統演算法／腳本（Classic Rule-based Software）不受本法約束。
1.3 適用主體架構 (Subject Scope)
- Provider（提供者）：投放市場或交付使用者（不論位於歐盟境內或第三國）。
- Deployer（部署者）：在歐盟境內使用 AI 系統的主體。
- 境外主體（Third-Country Entities）：系統 Output 進入歐盟之境外開發者與部署者。
- 進口商與分銷商（Importers & Distributors）：供應鏈中間人。
1.4 法定全面豁免清單 (Statutory Exemptions)
- 純國防與軍事用途 (Article 2(3))
- 未上市前之純科研與原型開發 (R&D Phase - Article 2(6))
- 個人純日常生活/非職業使用 (Personal Activity - Article 2(10))
- 非商業且非高風險之開源 AI 組件 (Open-Source - Article 2(12))
1.5 跨境商業案例速查庫 (Case Studies)
- 案例 1（跨境招聘）：亞洲總部 AI 篩選歐盟應徵者 $\rightarrow$ 受管轄且屬高風險。
- 案例 2（Fintech 評級 API）：亞洲輸出信用分予歐洲銀行 $\rightarrow$ 受管轄。
- 案例 3（跨境客服）：全球官網面向歐盟居民之 Chatbot $\rightarrow$ 受管轄（透明度義務）。
- 案例 4（純本地運作）：本地餐廳排隊預測系統 $\rightarrow$ 完全豁免。
🇬🇧 Scope & Extraterritorial Reach (English Version)
1.1 Geographic & Extraterritorial Reach (Article 2(1)(c))
- Effects Doctrine: Non-EU entities are fully bound if the output produced by the AI system is used in the Union, regardless of physical establishment or server location.
1.2 Material Scope (What qualifies as an AI System? - Article 3(1))
- Statutory Definition: Machine-based systems designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy, inferring from inputs how to generate outputs (content, predictions, recommendations, or decisions).
- Carve-out: Traditional deterministic software and basic rule-based scripts are excluded.
1.3 Subject Scope (Value Chain Entities)
- Providers: Placing on the market or putting into service (EU or third-country).
- Deployers: Using AI systems within the Union in professional contexts.
- Third-Country Operators: Where system outputs produce legal/practical effects in the EU.
- Importers & Distributors: Supply chain intermediaries.
1.4 Statutory Exemptions (Article 2(3)–(12))
- National Security & Defense: Exclusively military AI (Art. 2(3)).
- Scientific Research & Development: Pre-market testing and prototyping (Art. 2(6)).
- Purely Personal Activities: Non-professional everyday usage (Art. 2(10)).
- Free & Open-Source AI: Conditional exemptions for non-high-risk OSS (Art. 2(12)).
1.5 Practical Case Studies
- Case 1 (Offshore HR): Asian HQ filtering EU job applicants $\rightarrow$ In-Scope (High-Risk).
- Case 2 (Fintech Risk API): Exporting default probabilities to EU banks $\rightarrow$ In-Scope.
- Case 3 (E-Commerce Chatbot): Generative bots interacting with EU consumers $\rightarrow$ In-Scope (Transparency).
- Case 4 (Domestic Operations): Local queue management with no EU nexus $\rightarrow$ Out-of-Scope.